联合国教科文《信使》杂志最新一期"重塑城市"发布

Sharing the latest articles of the UNESCO Courier with you.

与您第一时间分享联合国教科文《信使》杂志的最新文章。

联合国教科文《信使》杂志最新一期发布，本期杂志关注全球的城市化发展。随着城市人口愈加密集，城市也渐渐褪去人性化的面纱。城市规模越大，暴力、不平等、歧视等弊病就越严重。话虽如此，这些不再温情脉脉的城市正在自我重塑。种种创新力量正在不断涌现，相互配合着为城市生活带来新的意义和新的视角。

The latest issue of the UNESCO Courier focusing on urban development is launched. As the cities today become more populated, they become dehumanized. Violence, inequality, discrimination, the larger the cities, the more these ills overwhelm them. Nevertheless, even as they are dehumanized, cities are reinventing themselves. Creative forces are emerging and organizing themselves to give urban life new meanings and new perspectives.

社论

Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO 

联合国教科文组织总干事 奥德蕾·阿祖莱

2014 年是人类历史上的一个分水岭：在这一年，城市人口首次达到了全球人口总数的一半以上。按照目前的估算，到2050 年，该比例将增加到70%。未来的城市将在许多方面保留下历史的痕迹。从美索不达米亚的早期城邦，到文艺复兴时期的意大利城市，再到当今的“大都市”，城市一直在推动着人类发展，不同背景的人们在城市熔炉里开展交流与对话。

2014 was a watershed year for humanity: for the first time in history, more than half of the world’s population now lives in cities. By current estimates, this will rise to seventy per cent by 2050. These cities of tomorrow will, in many ways, mirror their forbearers; from the early city-states of Mesopotamia, to the Italian cities of the Renaissance, to the megacities of today – cities have historically advanced human development, serving as melting pots for people of diverse backgrounds to exchange and dialogue.

@《城市的可能性》，法国艺术家法布里斯· 克拉皮斯

然而，今天和明天的城市正面临着前所未有的挑战。城市只占世界陆地面积的2%，却消耗了全球60% 的资源，排放了75% 的温室气体，并产生了70% 的全球废物。城市的扩张威胁到生物多样性，并使各种基础设施和资源（水、运输、电力）长期处在供不应求的边缘。同时，城市因自然灾害和气候变化而受的损失往往是其他地方的好几倍。盲目的发展和大众旅游业令文化遗产和传统习俗处于险境。不断加剧的不平等和移民问题（在许多情况下是由冲突和灾害所致）导致新的社会分裂、排斥和歧视现象在城市集中出现。

Yet the cities of today and tomorrow are also facing new, unprecedented challenges. Although occupying only two per cent of the world’s landmass, they consume sixty per cent of global energy, release seventy-five per cent of greenhouse gas emissions and produce seventy per cent of global waste. As cities expand, they threaten biodiversity, and place urban infrastructure and resources – from water to transport to electricity –under enormous strain, multiplying the impact of natural disasters and climate change. Unchecked development and mass tourism place cultural heritage sites and living heritage practices at risk. Rising inequality and migration – driven in many cases by conflict and disaster – make cities the focal points for new social cleavages, for exclusion and discrimination.

面对这些严峻的挑战，全球各地的城市认识到，只有采用新的思维方式、汇集民众之力、重点关注城市间的合作，才是唯一的出路。这个观点来源于我们在联合国教科文组织的所见所闻。联合国教科文组织搭建了至少五个城市网络，每个网络都致力于利用城市独有的非凡能力进行创新和联通。

Given the magnitude of these challenges, cities across the globe have concluded that new ways of thinking, citizen engagement and, crucially, city-to-city cooperation, are the only paths forward. We have seen this at UNESCO, which is home to no less than five city networks, each of which is working to harness the extraordinary capacity for innovation and connection that is a hallmark of cities.

例如， 城市贡献了全球经济的70%，其中有很大一部分属于创意经济。鉴于这一领域每年创造的全球总收入为2.25 亿美元，且拥有数量最多的青年雇员，结成联合国教科文组织创意城市网络的180 座城市正在利用城市本身的能力，汇聚创意人才，促进经济增长，培养社会责任感，并维护城市的特性。同时，联合国教科文组织全球学习型城市网络致力于确保所有城市居民都能从终身学习中受益，从而建设可持续发展的城市。不管是以净化城市环境为目的学习骑自行车、利用传统做法和知识制作当地特色产品，还是在边缘社区举办社区戏剧讲习班，每一次新的教育机会都蕴含着推动社会转型与发展的潜力。

For instance, cities account for seventy per cent of the global economy, including a large portion of the creative economy, which generates annual global revenues of $2,250 billion and employs more young people than any other sector. That is why the 180 cities that form the UNESCO Creative Cities Network are working to leverage the ability of cities to bring creative people together, to spark economic growth, to foster a sense of community and to preserve urban identities. UNESCO’s Global Network of Learning Cities is working to make cities sustainable by ensuring that all urban residents can benefit from lifelong learning. From learning to ride a bicycle to make the urban environment cleaner, learning to make local products using traditional practices and knowledge or organizing community theatre workshops in marginalized neighbourhoods, each new educational opportunity brings with it the potential for social transformation and development.

作为世界一流的思想实验室，联合国教科文组织致力于集结这些城市网络，鼓励各个城市交流合作，推出满足城市居民日益增长的需求的政策和做法。普利策奖得主、记者赫伯·卡恩（Herb Caen）曾经说过：“衡量一座城市的标准不在于地域的跨度，而是在于视野的广度和梦想的高度。”联合国教科文组织认为，当不同的城市拥有共同的理想，并且可以从对方的憧憬中撷取灵感时，新城市时代带来的挑战必将迎刃而解。

As one of the world’s foremost laboratories of ideas, UNESCO is working to bring these networks of cities together, encouraging them to exchange and collaborate on the policies and practices that can respond to the growing needs of urban residents. The Pulitzer-winning journalist, Herb Caen, once said, “A city is not gauged by its length and width, but by the broadness of its vision and the height of its dreams.” UNESCO believes that when cities share these dreams, and take inspiration from the vision of others, they can overcome the challenges of our new urban era.

本期联合国教科文组织《信使》讲述了关于创造力、创新和复原力的故事。我希望这些故事可以带给你启发，鼓励你去解决所在城市或社区中的问题。

This issue of the UNESCO Courier is full of stories of creativity, innovation and resilience. I hope they inspire you, and perhaps push you to engage with these issues in your own city or community.

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